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M. A. Kadam ¹, B. S. Giriyappanavar ², H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Microbiology lab, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580 001, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Pedilanthes tithymoides (L.) Poir. stem cuttings were inoculated with different AM fungi viz., Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora laevis and Gigaspora margarita. The observations on plant growth, biomass production, leaf area, mycorrhizal ischolar_main colonization and P uptake were recorded. The results revealed that the plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum performed best in improving plant growth, biomass and phosphorus uptake followed by G. intraradices and A. laevis.

Keywords

AM Fungi, Pedilanthes tithymoides, Root Colonization.

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Krishna H. Waddar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Micro Biology Lab, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi constitute one of the important components of soil microbiota, and their inoculation directly involved in improving plant growth under the reduced fertilizer input. Green house experiments were undertaken in Bauhinia varigata L. plant seedlings were grown in phosphorus deficient sandy loam soil with single, double and triple inoculation with three AM fungi. Single and double inoculation steadily improved plant biomass production and phosphorus content in shoot and ischolar_mains. However, triple inoculation significantly improved plant growth, biomass production, and phosphorus content in shoot and ischolar_main, percent ischolar_main colonization and spore number compared to non-inoculated (control) plants. It may be concluded that triple inoculation of AM fungi for Bauhinia varigata at nursery stage considered to be good before transplantation in reforestation programmes.

Keywords

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Bauhinia varigata L., Biomass Production, Root Colonization.

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Mahesh. B. Byatanal ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Microbiology Laboratory, Karnataka University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Greenhouse studies were conducted under nursery conditions to understand the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and different carrier materials on Phyllanthus emblica L. The seedlings raised with the inoculation of AM fungi and vermicompost showed a significant increase in dryweight of shoot and ischolar_main, and phosphorus nutrition in shoots compared to uninoculated/control plants, However, the inoculation of AM fungi with peat and perlite, andAMfungi alone does not showmuch favourable results. AM fungi with vermicompost showed increased per cent ischolar_main colonization and spore number/ 50 g of soil. It can be concluded that AM fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) with carrier material of vermicompost is a good inoculant for Phyllanthus emblica at nursery level.

Keywords

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal, Fungi (AMF), Phyllanthus emblica L., Vermicompost, Peat, Perlite.

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K. Sandeepkumar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Microbiology Laboratory, P.G. Dept. of Botany, KarnatakUniversity, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Different levels of phosphate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (Glomus fasciculatum) inoculation were carried on two fibre yielding plants. Corchorus capsularis L. (jute) plants grew much taller than non mycorrhizal plants in 3.0 mg Rp/kg, Sp/kg super phosphate with AM fungus Glomus fasciculatum inoculation significantly increased plant height, ischolar_main length, and reduced per cent ischolar_main colonization and spore number. 3.5 mg/kg treatment of Rpwithmycorrhizal inoculation on Gossypiumarboretum L. (cotton) influenced the plant growth, biomass production and P-uptake in mycorrhizal plants over the non-mycorrhizal plants. The suitable level of rock phosphate and super phosphate treatment with Glomus fasciculatum inoculation has been recommended on these two fibre yielding plants.

Keywords

Fibre Yielding Plants, Rock Phosphate, Super Phosphate, Glomus fasciculatum.

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Pushpa K. Kavatagi ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Microbiology Lab, Karnataka University, Dharwad-580 003, IN

Abstract

Selection of an efficient Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species for inoculum production is an important step towards adapting mycorrhizal inoculum technology in crop production. In this direction six indigenous AM species were screened, isolated, identified and cultured on two promising host plants of maize and Johnson grass. When host plant had optimum AMF colonization with respective AMF species; Glomus intraradices, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus microcarpum, Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora margarita and Sclerocystis dussii were inoculated to Costus speciosus sm in unsterilized soil. Overall result revealed that Sclerocystis dussii was most efficient AM Fungus to Costus speciosus sm, a medicinal shrub. There was significant increase in plant height, leaf length, leaf number, total chlorophyll content in leaves and increased stem tubers length, tuber diameter and phosphorus content as compared to control uninoculated plants. However, this enhanced growth response was influenced by other promising AMF species, Glomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora margarita. The underground stem tubers and their phosphorus content increased with the inoculation of Sclerocystis dussii followed by Glomus mosseae and Glomus microcarpum. Therefore, an efficient indigenous Sclerocystis dussii may be made to inoculate on Costus speciosus sm tuber cuttings in an unsterilized soil to get healthy seedling stock.

Keywords

Costus speciosus Sm, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal, Fungi, AMF Colonization, Rhizosphere.

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Romana M. Mirdhe ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Botany, Microbiology Laboratory, Karnataka University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. has been attributed as a desirable leguminous species used in regulating the distributed lands and improving deteriorated waste lands in India. Dalbergia sissoo seedlings were grown in earthen pots containing unsterilized soil inoculated with Glomus fasiculatum, Rhizobium or a combination of symbionts. After 120 days of growth, plant height, dry weight, ischolar_main dry weight, percent mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen and phosphorus contents were quantified. Plant with either a combination of mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium grew taller and produced higher dry matter of ischolar_main and shoot than infected with Rhizobium species alone or control plants. Presence of Rhizobium increased nitrogen content of the above ground plant. Foliage and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased the phosphorus content. Mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium were found to be synergistic with respect to nitrogen fixation and per cent of ischolar_main colonization.

Keywords

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Rhizobium, Glomus fasciculatum, Root Colonization.

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Mahesh B. Byatanal ¹, Shweta J. Sabannavar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹, S. G. Hiremath ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Microbiology Lab., Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, IN

Abstract

A survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on 15 edge plants was undertaken, and percent of mycorrhizal colonization and spore number per 50g soil was determined. Varied percent of ischolar_main colonization with varied spore number was recorded. Altogether 21 AM spores were isolated. The results revealed that Genus Glomus was most predominant among the recovered spore genera.The incidence of stunted plant growth, lower stem diameter, lower length of leaves, chlorosis and thin leaves with lower content of total chlorophyll pigment was demonstrated in those edge plants, which were without or less ischolar_main colonization. However, edge plants, with higher AM colonization, showed improved plant growth, increased stem diameter, larger leaves without chlorosis and significantly increased total chlorophyll content in the leaves. This indicates the importance of AM fungal association in edge plants.

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S. G. Hiremath ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Deptt. of Botany, Microbiology Laboratory, Karnataka University, Dharwad-580 003, IN

Abstract

Studies were conducted to screen saline tolerant arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi in coastal beaches of Kumta in Karnataka. Twenty five coastal plants were screened. The varied AM percent of colonization was observed. Thirteen plants; members of families Acanthaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Graminae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae had highest percent of colonization, 75-100%. Six plants, belonging to families Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae and Malvaceae had 50-74% colonization and two plants belonging to families Rhamnaceae and Fabaceae had 25-49% colonization with AM fungi. Least percent (below 25%) colonization was recorded in family Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, Plumbaginaceae and Typhaceae. No correlation between percent of ischolar_main colonization and spore number among examined plants was observed. Total thirty different VAM spores have been recorded belonging to five Genera Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora and Sclerocystis. Genus Glomus was most predominated while the genus Sclerocystis was the least.

Green house pot experiments were conducted on Solanum nigram. Pots were amended with coastal sand and forest soil in the ratio of 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3. Pots amended with only coastal sand and only forest soil were also maintained. Pots were maintained in triplicate and harvested once in thirty days interval. Plants grown in pots amended with 1:3 (coastal sand : forest soil) exhibited significant increase in plant height, ischolar_main length, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, biomass production, percent of colonization, spore number-uptake as compared to noninoculated (control) plants. Plants grown in 100% sand with inoculums exhibited moderate growth. The importance of AM fungi in coastal sand dunes (beaches) has been discussed.

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Romana M. Mirdhe ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Botany, Microbiology Laboratory, Karnataka University, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Three important leguminous plants Tamarindus indica L., Dalbergia sisso Roxb., Cassia nodosa Roxb., their ischolar_mains and soil samples were screened for their AM fungal association. Percentage of ischolar_main colonization and spore number of these plants were co related to each other. Higher spore number was recorded in Cassia nodusa Ham., during December and April compared to Tamarindus indica L., Dalbergia sisso Roxb in soil depth between 16-24 cm. On contrast to this per cent ischolar_main colonization significantly increased during April in Dalbergia sisso Roxb. , Tamarindus indica L., followed by Cassia nodosa Ham. The results revealed that both ischolar_main colonization sporulation declined from September to April in the examined tree species.

Keywords

Leguminous Trees, Per Cent Root Colonization, Spore Number, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF).

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Rubeena Parveen N. Kazi ¹, H. C. Lakshman ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Studies in Botany (Microbiology Lab), Karnatak University, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The effect of Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus fasciculatum and Azotobactor Proralea corylifolia L. was studied in sterilized soil. Compared to un-inoculated plants, chlorophyll content, height, weight, number and area of leaves of plant and weight were maximum in plants inoculated with G. macrocarpum, G. fasciculatum and Azotobactor or with G. macrocarpum and G. fasciculatum or with only G. macrocarpum, or G. fasciculatum. The levels of ischolar_main colonization was higher in all AM inoculated plants. There was significant increases in (3.96%) and P (0.21%) in the plant treated with a combination of Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus fasciculatum and Azotobactor. The results clearly indicated that compared to individual inoculation, AM fungal species with Azotobactor used in combinations were more beneficial for much improved growth of onion.

Keywords

G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum, Proralea corylifolia, Per Cent Colonization.

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Krishna H. Waddar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Jagadhguru Tontadrya College, Gadag (Karnataka), IN
2 P.G. Dept. of Botany, (Microbiology lab.) Karnatak University, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus was isolated from rhizosphere soils of Pongamia pinnata. Young seedlings of P. pinnata inoculated with indigenous AMF Glomous fasciculatum showed significant growth and the plants introduced with Glomous mosseae did not show significant effect on growth. The dual inoculation with indigenous Glomous fasciculatum and introduced Glmous mosseae depicted growth response was much greater than the single inoculation. The tripartite system of indigenous and introduced VAM with Rhizobium phaseoli improved significant increase plant height, plant dry matter, nodulation number, N and P content of Pongamia pinnata over non-inoculated plants with either AMF or Rhizobium alone.

Keywords

Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, Rhizobium phaseoli.

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Kiran P. Kolkar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
2 P.G. Department of Botany (Microbiology Lab), Karnatak University, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The Establishment Of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (am) Fungi Was Recorded In Six Cultivated Crops. There Was A Seasonal Fluctuation Of Am Fungal Colonization In Root Bit And In Root Length On Jowar, Wheat, Safflower, Sugarcane, Pigeon Pea And Cotton. The Root Colonization And Amf Spore Numbers In Soil Samples Not Correlated With Each Other. Results Revealed That O.m. And E.c. Higher Or Lower Level Have No Influence On Colonization/Spore Number, On Contrary Higher P And N Concentration In Soil Reduced Root Colonization. It Shows, The Distribution Of Am Fungi Varied With Climate And Edaphic Environments As Well As Land Use Patterns Among Cultivated Crops.

Keywords

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Seasonal Fluctuation, Per Cent Colonization.

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Kiran P. Kolkar ¹, H. C. Lakshman ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad (Karnatka), IN
2 P.G. Department and studies in Botany, (Microbiology Lab.) Karnatak University, Dharwad (Karnatka), IN

Abstract

Growth response and biomass production was estimeted in Terminalia bellerica Roxb. seedlings by the inoculation with VMF, Rhizobium and Molybdenum spray. The results revealed an increase in shoot and ischolar_main length of VMF colonization, number of leaves and the dry weight of shoots were recorded significantly higher over the control plants. Indigenous VAM fungus (Glomus mosseae), Rhzobium and Molybdenum spray improved the agronomic performance through the increased uptake of nutrients like N, P, K, Mg and Molybdenum.

Keywords

Terminalia bellerica, Glomus mosseae, Rhizobium, Molybdenum.

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